Kenya actively participates in international trade to expand its market and have access to products that it lacks domestically. In 2021, the country’s total export was estimated at USD 6.739 billion with horticulture and tea among its leading export items valued at approximately USD 1.4 billion and USD 1.1billion, respectively. In that same year goods...
For countries to arrive at a consensus on trade agreements they have to sit down at the bilateral or multilateral level first. Initially, rounds of trade negotiations that were done under General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) involved the member countries exchanging a list of requests and offers on products that were of interest...
Africa’s infrastructure development remains severely deficient, with an estimated need for infrastructure investment of more than USD 100 billion. Like the region’s internet development since the early 2000s, the rest of the sectors particularly transportation infrastructure; must be well established to reap the enormous benefits of connectivity. A good internet connectivity ensures faster and more...
According to the World Bank there were fifty regional trade agreements in force by 1990; with recent data from the World Trade Organization (WTO) putting the number of regional trade agreements in force at 354 as at March 2022. One such major trade agreement signed recently is The Africa Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA). This continental...
To combat climate change, trillions of dollars in climate investment must be leveraged; as well as climate change transparency and accountability in order to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of climate finance. Transparency and accountability are pivotal due to the fundamental imbalance of power within and across nations. Improvement of both values is required to empower...
Economic circularity seeks to transform the current linear model of production and consumption by focusing on three main principles: reducing consumption of finite material resources, recovering materials from waste through recycling, and extending product life through reuse. It examines the transition from a linear to a circular economy, which provides a value chain approach to...
Competition policies help facilitate trade and economic development through protection of consumers and businesses. They lay a foundation for fair play and take into consideration the health, price and quality concerns that consumers have. Additionally, these regulations set the guidance on how intellectual property rights will be respected and enforced. Over the recent years more...
Medium Term Debt Management Strategy (MTDS) has been designed as a public finance management tool to facilitate decision making based on the evaluation and management of public debt related risks and fiscal deficit financing through a cost-risk analytical framework. To that extent, the MTDS is required to provide the following information: The total of debt...
Economic expansion in any region is always preceded by an increase in market activity in terms of both private consumption and product output. Economic development and a rise in movement of goods and people have a direct link that leads to an increase in demand for expanded transportation infrastructure. Gradually Africa is transitioning from the colonial...
Intellectual property (IP) are creations of the mind such as inventions, designs or symbols that give the owners the ability to earn financially from their creations; as well as to protect these creations from exploitation. These intangible assets can be owned by a company or an individual and are enforceable by law. The systems that...